• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    RETENTION DEVICE FOR A MALE PART WITH A HOLE OR A FEMALE PART WITH A HOLE THAT MUST BE COUPLED TO EACH OTHER; RETENTION SYSTEM TO CONNECT TWO MECHANICAL PARTS TO EACH OTHER; FEMALE PART OF THE TYPE USED ON EXCAVATORS AND SIMILAR; AND MALE PART OF THE TYPE USED ON EXCAVATORS AND SIMILARS The invention relates to a retention device, a retention system between a female part and a male part, and a female part and male part to guarantee the retention between a wear element or tooth and an adapter element or tooth bar used in excavators and the like. The female part, which can be a wear element or tooth, or an adapter element or tooth bar, comprises, self-attached to it, a retention device that participates in the coupling with a pin of the female part with a male part, and prevents the pin from leaving its locking position, maintaining the attachment between the two parts, that is, the male part and the female part. The coupling between both parts is detachable, allows the removal of the coupling pin and replacement of the female part or male part together (...).
    公开号:BR112014000105B1
    申请号:R112014000105-7
    申请日:2011-07-05
    公开日:2020-06-23
    发明作者:Javier Rol Corredor；Javier Jiménez García；Javier Jiménez Garcia；Francisco Pérez Soria；Jorge Triginer Boixeda；Ester Alonso Frigola
    申请人:Metalogenia, S.A.；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION
    The present invention relates to a retention device, a retention system between a female part and a male part, as well as a female part and a male part to guarantee the retention between a wear element or tooth and an adapter element or teeth bar used in excavators and the like. The female part, which can be a wear element or tooth and an adapter element or tooth bar, comprises, self-attached or attached to it, a retention device that participates in the coupling with a pin of the female part with a part male, and prevents, next to said pin, the last one to leave its locking position, maintaining the fixation between the two parts, that is, 20 male part and female part. The holding device can also be self-attached to the male part. The coupling between both parts is detachable, as a result of the components of the retention systems, so that it allows the removal of the coupling pin and replacement of the female part or male part 25 next to the retention device. Said retaining device is formed by one or more clamping elements attached. Likewise, the present invention relates to a male part and a female part comprising said retention device coupled to them, as well as to the retention system composed of the female element, the male element, the pin and the retention element .
    The present invention applies especially to the public works sector, such as excavations and / 12 mining. HISTORY OF THE INVENTION
    Excavators and the like, such as those used in public works and mining, are used to lift, move and load earth and stones. These machines are generally provided with a loader attached to a mechanical arm. The loader is provided with a shovel or bevelled edge on a front edge designed to fit and penetrate the earth and stones. In order to avoid excessive wear of the blade and to help in the penetration of the earth, it is common to mount teeth associated with the blade that protrudes from its front edge. However, said teeth are also subject to wear and breakage, so they must be frequently replaced and, furthermore, depending on the work that must be done by the machine, it may be desirable to change the type or shape of the teeth. To facilitate said replacement, the teeth bars that are fixed to the wheel of the loader more or less permanently, and teeth are used, so that each tooth is detachably mounted on the tooth bar by means of a pin . Said pin generally passes through the holes of the tooth and a channel that crosses the tooth bar with the objective of fixing the tooth to the tooth bars, thus ensuring the connection between them using a retention device for fixing said pin in its mounting position, preventing the pin from leaving its position when the machine is running and the tooth / tooth bars / pin system receives high stresses.
    When tooth and bar sets of 30 teeth work in difficult conditions, the pin that affixes them tends to move against the force to propel a retention device that, next to the pin, keeps the tooth and the tooth bar attached. Then, the pin can come out of the tooth bar, both the pin and the tooth can be lost. The loss of a tooth and / or pin can be very important, depending on your workplace, possibly causing damage to other machines, such as crushers, that work in the same production site as the machine that uses the teeth, such as mines or quarries, for example. As mentioned, a retention device associated with the pin is used to prevent the pin from leaving its mounting position between the tooth and the tooth bar, fixing the pin at 10 its mounting position. Retention systems, comprising at least one pin and at least one retention device, tend to have elastic characteristics, provided to the retention systems by the retention device, so that the pin can be fixed and released without having to break it, 15 while, at the same time, it allows its introduction and extraction of the system in a simple way, preferably without a hammer, that is, without having to hammer.
    Generally, retention devices made of elastic material, such as rubber or polyurethane, 20 are used, since they have elastic characteristics that allow an ease to dismantle the system, without applying excessive forces. These retaining devices are not useful for all types of work, due to the fact that, in applications where the temperature of the material moved, 25 excavated or raised is high, the elastic material used can melt and / or lose its elastic qualities, leaving the pin without retention, which could also cause a loss of the pin and / or the tooth.
    American patent number US3952433 30 describes a pin retention system. The pin is inserted into aligned holes, formed by the tooth and the bar of teeth and the retention device is provided with a clip in the form of a spring that transposes the pin on both sides, fixing it in its mounting position. Said clip is wrapped in an elastomeric element for the purpose of keeping said retaining element in position. Wrapping the retention system in an elastomer element makes the retention system useless in tasks where the working temperature is very high, since the properties of the elastomer material are lost, increasing the chances of pin loss. In addition, the use of an elastomer element causes interference problems between elements, since it has an uncontrolled pressure deformation. Another characteristic of this retention system is that the use of a clip, in combination with an elastomeric material, and the positioning of the assembly in the adapter element, means that the force required to be used for the assembly and disassembly of the pin is high, the use a hammer is necessary and makes it incompatible for systems without a hammer.
    The retention system described in American patent number US3997989 comprises a pin with variable sections and a retention system provided with two springs 20 located on an elastic element in the shape of a washer. The two springs of the retention system have a straight area and a curved area of different section. The washer with the two springs is positioned in a cavity in the adapter element, then the tooth is assembled and then the pin, so that its section causes the straight area of the springs to open, being compressed until reaching the notches located on the pin, and when the notches on the pin meet the straight areas of the springs, the last ones are fixed in the notches, preventing the pin from coming out. Like US patent number US3952433, 30 the use of an elastic material prevents this system from being used in jobs where the temperature is very high. In addition, the force required for assembly and disassembly is high, avoiding its use in systems without a hammer. Another disadvantage of this invention is that the retaining device, or washer, is located in a cavity that does not hold its position, except at the moment of coupling between the tooth and the tooth bar. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
    For the purpose of overcoming the mentioned disadvantages, as well as simplifying the assembly and disassembly of a wear element, or tooth, in an adapter element, or tooth bar, specifically of the type provided with a retaining device suitable for all types of work, including those that require high temperatures, and the coupling being carried out between both elements by means of a pin that is housed in a channel formed between the tooth and the bar of teeth, thus fixing the wear element 15 or tooth in the adapter element or tooth bar, a first objective of the present invention is a retaining device or retaining device according to claim 1.
    A second object of the present invention 20 is a female part, wear element or tooth, according to the content of claim 14.
    A third object of the invention is a male part, adapter element or tooth bar, according to claim 19.
    A further object of the present invention is a retention system between a female part and a male part for excavators and the like, according to claim 24.
    The retention device is composed of at least one clamping element, preferably formed by an elongated body made of a material with elastic properties, preferably with a circular section, being also capable of being square or rectangular, and having a configuration that allows the self-fixing it by pressing directly to a surface of a female part or a male part. In a male part, said holding device is self-fixed to the external surface and, in a female part, it is self-fixed to an internal surface. Said retaining device, which coincides with the clamping element when said device comprises a single clamping element, is preferably U-shaped in its self-clamping position with two parallel straight sectors 10 affixed by a third sector.
    As mentioned, in the self-clamping position on a female part or a male part, the two straight sectors of the clamping element are parallel, so as to adapt to internal or external surfaces of the female part or male part, respectively, said surfaces being slightly parallel to each other. Said clamping element has two straight sectors affixed to each other at one end by a third sector and the opposite end of each straight sector being free, so that it is almost U-shaped, even without having been self-fixed to the female or the male part. The distance between the free ends of the straight sectors is different from the distance between the ends for affixing to the third sector, therefore, the distance between the free ends can be greater or less than the distance between the ends for affixing to the third sector. When the distance between the free ends is greater than the distance between the ends for affixing to the third sector, the clamping element is used to be self-fixed to a female part, specifically, to the cavity of said female part 30. On the other hand, when the distance between the free ends is less than the distance between the ends for affixing to the third sector, the clamping element is suitable to be self-fixed to a male part. The aforementioned one needs the existence of an inclination between the two straight sectors and the third sector, the angle formed by the two straight sectors with the horizontal of the third sector being able to vary preferably between 1 and 5 degrees, with 5 this, the appearance of the element tightness is almost U-shaped due to the small slope. However, said inclination can be adapted to different circumstances and situations, as necessary, being able to be greater than indicated.
    The clamping element is preferably a steel cable with a circular section, although it can also be made of Teflon or a plastic material, the sections being capable of being square or rectangular.
    According to the above, the objective of the female part of the present invention, comprising a retaining device, is a wear element or tooth of the type formed by upper and lower outer surfaces that move towards a front edge and two outer surfaces , and comprises an internal cavity with 20 internal surfaces, having the function of receiving a protrusion or tip of a male part or adapter element. The two lateral external surfaces form, with said cavity, the respective walls being provided with at least one through perforation in one of said walls and the 25 pass through to allow the entry of a pin when the wear element is coupled to the adapter element . Each side wall preferably has a groove or through hole. The internal surfaces of the side walls coincide with the surface of the cavity 30 of the female part. Said female part comprises a retention device formed by at least one clamping element which is an elongated body made of a material with elastic properties, which is self-fixed to the internal surfaces of the walls and / or the internal cavity, and which is located so that it interferes with at least one perforation or hole located in the wall of the female element.
    The purpose of the male part of the invention 5 comprises a tip to be inserted into the cavity of a female part, said tip being traversed by a channel intended to accommodate a pin during the coupling of the male part to a female part, and said tip having a holding device comprising at least one clamping element 10 formed by an elongated body and made of a material with elastic properties, which is self-fixed directly by pressure against the external surfaces of said tip, so that said holding device interfere with at least one of the entry holes for the pin to enter the channel. 15 The tip is preferably completely crossed, creating a channel with two access holes and in which the pin will be housed when crossing, since the female part and the male part are coupled together. Sometimes, the channel does not cross all the end, that is to say, the said channel does not need to be a channel of passage.
    The retention system, according to the invention, comprises a female or tooth element, a male element or tooth bar, a pin preferably formed by a rotating body, and provided with at least one notch 25 in at least one of its ends and a holding device formed by at least one clamping element, preferably formed by an elongated body made of a material with elastic properties, so that the holding device is self-clamped with tension and in direct contact against a of the two parts, so that the rotation of the pin allows the coupling between both parts to go from a retention position, in which the retention device is adjusted in the notch of the pin, preventing both parts from separating, to a position of release, in which the device leaves said at least one notch, thus allowing both parts to be separated. To facilitate the rotation of the pin, when retaining the male part and the female part together, the surface adjacent to the introduction hole to introduce the pin comprises two inclination ramps opposite each other and concentric to said hole. These ramps allow the pin to rotate in both directions when it has to be extracted.
    According to the above, the main components of the system are therefore:
    - a pin composed of a body preferably of frustoconical rotation, although other configurations, such as cylindrical, for example, are possible. The said pin is provided with at least one notch in at least one of its ends. Said pin is also provided with a cavity in one of the bases of the body, to introduce a tool that allows the rotation of the pin for assembly and disassembly. The pin can have between one and four notches, the 20 notches being located from one to two notches per end.
    - A retention device formed by at least one clamping element that is self-fastened by pressure to the internal surface of the cavity of a female part 25 or to the external surface of the tip of a male part, due to its U-shaped configuration. at least one of the holes arranged in the male or female part, into which the pin will be inserted, and which is preferably located in a groove disposed on the surface, either of the cavity or the tip. This retention device, in any of its variants, has the shape of the cavity or the tip. Said retention device can be located on one side of the part, on the opposite side or on both, but always crossing at least one hole through which the pin will be inserted.
    - A male part and a female part intended to be coupled together, so that one of the two incorporates, fixed on its surface, the mentioned retention device to guarantee the coupling between both parts when said retention device interacts with the pin that crosses the set formed by the female part and the male part through the holes and channel made in both parts. That part to which the retention device 10 is self-fixed preferably has a groove that crosses or crosses said holes, interposing them. The groove width in the area that crosses the perforation is slightly smaller than the groove diameter.
    As mentioned, the retention device is self-fixed, due to its configuration and elastic properties, directly to a surface of a female part or male part. Self-fixation is understood as the fact that the holding device is capable of being fixed to the surface without the need for any other component or additional element, solely and exclusively due to the geometric configuration of the element or clamping elements, with elongated bodies , forming the retention device, and the elastic properties of the material in which it is manufactured. The fact that the device is self-attached directly to a surface means that the device is in direct contact with said surface, that is, there is no intermediate element or component between the device and the surface. Of course, in order to facilitate said fixation, it is possible to include constructions in the parts, or elements in the device 30 itself, facilitating or collaborating with said self-fixation. An example of the aforementioned are the grooves made on the surfaces of the female part or the male part. Likewise, it is possible to use, at the ends of the retention device, elements fixed to said ends with non-slip properties.
    In the case where the surface of the female part or the male part has a groove for receiving the retention device, it is located in said groove, particularly, at least one straight sector of the retention device is located in the sector of the groove that crosses the hole in the part to insert the pin. Since the groove of the part has a width less than the diameter of the hole, the straight sector of the retention device interposes, that is, it crosses or crosses, to the hole of the part, thus preventing the entry of the pin.
    The retaining device, composed of at least one U-shaped clamping element, has, as mentioned, at least two straight sectors with an additional sector affixing both straight sectors, and one of said straight sectors may additionally have a division or bifurcation, so that it determines a sector with two straight sub-sectors, approximately parallel to each other. Said 20 fork may be one of the two straight sides of the holding device. In this case, the distance between the two straight, parallel sub-sectors is less than the diameter of the hole, thus interposing with it and with the pin entrance. The holding device may comprise a single clamping element or two clamping elements affixed together to achieve the geometries described above. The section of the clamping element varies, depending on the size of the coupling formed by the tooth and tooth bar, that is, depending on the size and weight of the coupling. Generally, in the case of using a steel cable, its diameter will vary between 1 mm and 5 mm, not forgetting the fact that it could be larger. The section of the clamping element must be such that it allows the expansion of the element when the pin is inserted and that it returns to its original situation, without breaking, that is, a proportion of adequate resistance to elasticity must be reached, avoiding large sections , which prevents expansion of the clamping element.
    In addition, as described above, and in accordance with the geometry of the retention device itself, and to facilitate its self-attachment apart, and due to the fact that, in some configurations of the retention device, the distance between the free ends of the straight sectors of the clamping element is slightly greater than the distance between the internal surfaces of the internal cavity of the female part or slightly less than the distance between the external surfaces of the tip of the male part, thus allowing self-fixation of the retention device in the groove that extends along the surfaces of the cavity or tip, where appropriate. For said self-fixation, a small compression is necessary to introduce the retention device in the groove of the cavity and a small expansion to introduce it into the groove of the tip, so that when the pressure stops, the retention device tends to loosen or tighten the grip against the groove by the spring effect.
    In a first configuration, the U-shaped retainer has a clamping element with an extension of the straight sectors, in this case, parallel, through its free ends, so that said ends are folded twice at approximately 90 °, assuming the form of a hook, so that it allows it to be fixed by said ends and by pressure to the walls of a female part, said ends 30 of the device being outside the part, that is, outside the wall, and the two sectors parallel lines fixed by the third sector, located inside the cavity. In this configuration, the separation between the free ends of the two parallel straight sectors is less than the diameter of the entry hole for the pin entry. The female part, in which this retention device is incorporated, preferably has a groove for housing the device, the width of which is less than the diameter of the orifice.
    In a second configuration, the free ends of the straight sectors of the clamping element are separated from each other by a distance similar to the distance that separates the internal surfaces of the walls from the female part or the distance that separates the external surfaces from the male part. This distance will be slightly greater when the device is used on a female part and slightly less when used on a male part. In the case of a female part, the groove in the internal cavity begins its extension by crossing the hole located in the wall of the female part, reaching the bottom of the cavity and crossing said front or inner wall until reaching the second side wall of said internal cavity, opposite the first. If there is a second hole in the wall opposite the previous one, the groove can also cross said hole. The retention device of this configuration works with the same mechanism as the previous one, due to the distance between the free ends of the straight sectors of the retention device being slightly greater than the distance between the sides of the internal cavity 25 of the female part, which, in order to locate the retention device in the groove, it needs a little compression to introduce said device in the groove, so that when the pressure stops, the retention device tends to loosen the grip against the cavity surface in the groove 30 due to spring, due to its elastic properties. The complementary form would be applicable to a retention device in a male part.
    An alternative to the above configuration is the fact that one or both of the straight sectors of the above holding device has a split or bifurcation, so that each straight sector has two straight, almost U-shaped, sub-sectors, parallel to each other . This configuration 5 can be formed by a clamping element or by two clamping elements attached to each other. In this case, the straight, parallel sub-sectors interpose with the perforation on the wall of the female part or on the tip of the male part. Its assembly, in both the female and male parts, is similar to that described above.
    For the coupling between the female part and the male part, when the retaining device is self-fixed to the female part cavity or to the male part tip, according to any of the alternatives mentioned above, the female part cavity slides at the end of the male part, aligning the at least one hole of the female part with the channel that crosses the tip of said male part, at least partially. Once aligned, the pin is inserted through the hole in the female part, so that said pin turns at least 20 to a straight sector of the retention device, preventing the pin from entering. This straight sector of the retention device tends to open due to the pressure exerted by the pin, so that it forces the sector of the device to expand to allow the pin to pass until the sector of the retention device faces the pin notch and is housed in it, releasing the tension retention device exerted by the pin during its introduction, and the retaining device is thus relaxed and in a working situation. In this situation, the female part and the male part are coupled and retained with each other. 30 As mentioned, there may be two holes in the female part with which the two sectors of the retention device interpose and which can also be housed in two notches arranged at the two ends of the pin. Said female part can be a tooth or a bar of teeth and the male part will be complementary to that mentioned above, that is, a bar of teeth or a tooth.
    The assembly in the alternative case of arrangement of the retention device on the male part follows the same principles as the assembly described.
    To extract the pin and thus be able to separate the female part from the male part, a tool adapted to the base of the pin is inserted and the pin is forced to rotate by at least 90 °, so that the at least one notch of the pin also rotate and make at least one straight sector of the retention device move and leave the notch of the pin, so the pin can be removed from the assembly between the male and the female part. In the case where the straight sector of the device has two straight, parallel sub-sectors, the rotation of the pin causes both sub-sectors to separate and leave their housing in the notches of the pin, thus releasing the pin and allowing the separation of the male and female parts.
    It should be noted that the pin and, therefore, the aligned holes and channels of the female and male parts can be located in the vertical position or in the horizontal position.
    The advantage of the retention device 25 being self-attached to the female part or the male part, is to allow the release of female and male parts with the retention devices incorporated in them at the factory.
    As a result of these characteristics, the coupling between the female part and the male part, as well as the disassembly operation, will be carried out in a simple way, without having to apply strong blows to the pin, which can be dangerous, while, at the same time, provides solid and reliable coupling while working. In addition to its constructive characteristics, this is possible, due to the dirt to which the device is subjected when it is working does not affect its operation, due to the fact that the dirt does not interfere with the movement of the holding device.
    To facilitate the disassembly of the pin, it preferably has a wedge-shaped section, so that it is easily released from the channel that exits the interposition with the wear device.
    The ease of assembly and disassembly 10 of the wear elements without requiring excessive forces, allows the assembly of a greater number of wear elements in the body of the machine without having to go to the workshop, that is, this task can be carried out on site.
    A feature of the present retention device is that it can be adapted to the coupling systems already existing between a male part and a female part. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    In order to better understand what has been described, 20 drawings in which several practical achievements are depicted schematically and only as a non-limiting example are attached.
    Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a coupling between a female part and a male part, particularly a tooth and a bar of teeth.
    Figure 2 shows an exploded view of Figure 1.
    Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a female part, in particular, a tooth. 30
    Figure 4 shows a cross section of Figure 3.
    Figure 5 shows a perspective view of a pin.
    Figure 6 shows a plan view and an elevation view of the pin in Figure 5.
    Figure 7 shows a side view of a coupling between a tooth and a tooth bar with a retention device, according to a first preferred embodiment.
    Figure 8 shows a rear perspective view of a tooth with a pin and a retaining device, according to a first preferred embodiment.
    Figure 9 shows a cross section of Figure 8.
    Figure 10 shows a perspective view of a holding device, according to a first preferred embodiment.
    Figure 11 shows a rear perspective view of a tooth with a retention device, according to a second preferred embodiment.
    Figure 12 shows a cross section of Figure 11.
    Figure 13 shows a perspective view of a holding device, according to a second preferred embodiment.
    Figure 14 shows a rear perspective view of a tooth with a pin and a retention device 25, according to a second preferred embodiment.
    Figure 15 shows an elevation view and a plan view of Figure 13.
    Figure 16 shows a rear perspective view of a tooth with a pin and a holding device 30, according to a third or fourth preferred embodiment.
    Figure 17 shows a rear perspective view of a tooth with a retention device, according to a third or fourth preferred embodiment.
    Figure 18 shows a perspective view of a holding device, according to a third preferred embodiment.
    Figure 19 shows a perspective view of a holding device, according to a fourth preferred embodiment.
    Figure 20 shows a cross section AA from Figure 7.
    Figure 21 shows a perspective view of a tooth bar with a holding device.
    Figure 22 shows the tooth bar of Figure 21 without the retainer. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED ACHIEVEMENTS
    In view of the drawings mentioned, different preferred embodiments of the different objectives of the invention are described.
    Figures 1 to 20 show a female part (1) that acts as a tooth coupled to a male part or tool bar (10). Figures 1 and 2 show an external view of the tooth (1) coupled to the tooth bar (10). The tooth or female part (1) has at least two side walls 25 (6, 7) having an outer surface (61, 71) and an inner surface (62, 72). Said internal surfaces (62, 72) coincide with a cavity (3) intended to house the male part or bar of teeth (10) and, in particular, a tip (11) of said bar of teeth (10). At least one of the side walls 30 has a hole (2, 8) that connects the outer surface (61, 71) of the wall to the inner surface (62, 72) and, therefore, with the cavity (83) of the tooth. Preferably, and as shown in the drawings, the tooth has two holes (2, 8), one in each of the opposite walls (6, 7). The tooth bar (10), in turn, has a channel (13) that runs through the tip and which, when housed in the cavity (3) of the tooth (1), is aligned with the holes (2, 8) of the teeth walls. tooth (1). To guarantee the position, a pin with a rotating body, which completely passes through both the tooth and the bar of teeth, is inserted through the mentioned holes (2, 8) and channel (13). A retaining device (100, 200, 300, 400), which helps to maintain said coupling and which is the purpose of the order, is used to guarantee the position of the pin (5) and maintain the coupling between the tooth (1 ) and the tooth bar (10). Said retaining device (100, 200, 300, 400) operates next to the pin (5). The pin (5) has a rotating body, preferably a slight taper to facilitate its insertion and extraction of the coupling between the tooth and the tooth bar, and has a notch (51) that interposes with the retention device on the surface at least one of its ends. The pin can incorporate said notch (51) at either end or at both ends, being able to incorporate one or two notches at each end. Likewise, it incorporates at least one of its bases, preferably the largest, in the case where the body has a certain taper, a housing or groove (52) to introduce a tool that allows the rotation of the pin (5). The pin also has a protrusion (53) in said base that prevents the complete introduction of the pin in the hole (2, 8) and in the channel (13) of the coupling between the tooth and the tooth bar and, in turn, serves to guide the rotation of the pin (5) during its extraction, when sliding on one of the two ramps (91, 92) arranged on the surfaces adjacent to the entrance hole (2, 8) for the entrance of the pin (5) in the tooth (1 ). Said ramps (91, 92) allow the pin (5) to rotate in any of the two directions for its extraction.
    Each of the different preferred constructions for the purpose of the holding device of the present invention will be described below.
    Figures 7 to 10 and 20 show a construction and use of a first embodiment of a holding device. In particular, Figure 10 shows a holding device (100) comprising a clamping element, an elongated body with elastic properties, preferably made of steel with a circular section. The device (100) is U-shaped with two parallel sectors (101, 102) or almost parallel sectors, affixed to each other, at one of its ends, by a third sector (103), which in this case is curved. At the end opposite the end 15 for the display of both parallel sectors (101, 102), the last ones extend along their free ends (104, 105) and are each folded twice at 90 °, assuming the hook shape.
    This hook form is used to self-fix the retaining device in direct contact with the tooth surface (1), and the retaining device is particularly fixed by its free ends (104, 105) to the wall (6) of the tooth (1), so that said ends (104, 105) of the retaining device (100) 25 are located on the outer surface (61) of the wall (6), and the parallel sectors (101, 102) are located on the cavity (3) of the tooth (1). Both parallel sectors (101, 102) are separated from each other by a distance less than the diameter of the hole (2) in the wall to which the retention device is attached, so that both sectors (101, 102) meet interpose with said orifice (2). The length of the holding device (100) is sufficient to allow the device to be attached to the wall (6) and is interposed with the hole (2).
    In addition, and to complement the self-fastening of the retaining device (100) to the tooth (1), it has a groove (4) on the inner surface (62) of the wall (6) 5 that extends into the cavity (3) , the width of said groove (4) being less than the diameter of the hole (2). Said groove (4) crosses the hole (2) and allows the insertion of the retention device (100) in it, for that end that slightly compresses the retention device (100) being necessary, since the distance between the sectors straight lines (101 and 102) is slightly larger than the groove width (4).
    The tooth cavity (3) is slid to the tip of the tooth bar (10) to couple the tooth (1) to the tooth bar (10) after having self-fixed the retention device (100) on the tooth (1 ), as mentioned above. The holding device (100) rests between the surfaces (111, 112) of the tip (11) and the surfaces (62, 72) of the cavity (3) when the tip (11) is coupled to the cavity (3). Once the tooth (1) and the tooth bar (10) are 20 coupled, with the retaining device (100) interposing with the hole (2) of the tooth (1) and located between said hole (2) and the entry hole for entry into the channel (13) of the tip (1) of the tooth bar (10), the pin (5) is inserted through the hole (2) of the tooth, which causes the separation of both parallel sectors (101, 102) of the retention device and allows the insertion of the pin (5) until at least one of said parallel sectors (101, 102) meets with at least one notch (51) made in the surface of the pin (5) being housed therein, being located in a holding position in which the coupling between the tooth (1) and the tooth bar (10) is tightened to prevent both parts from separating. A cross section of the coupling in which two notches (51), made on the surface of the pin (5), can be seen in Figure 20, so that each of the parallel sectors (101, 102) are housed in each of the notches ( 51).
    It will be sufficient to turn the pin (5) with a tool inserted in the groove or housing (52) disposed at the base of the pin (5) to achieve a release situation in which, due to the rotation of the pin, the parallel sectors (101, 102 ) leave said notch or notches (51), since the sectors (101, 102) separate due to the fact that the section 10 of the pin (5) increases, thus allowing the extraction of said pin (5) and, therefore, the separation of the tooth (1) and the tooth bar (10). The section of the pin (5) increases with the rotation of the pin (5) on its axis, due to the distance between the surface of the notch and its opposite surface being less than the distance between the rotation surfaces of the pin (5), this section variation causing an increase in the separation of the straight sectors (101, 102) by rotating the pin (5) in relation to the fixed position of the retention device.
    The above action is usually performed when replacement is required, either due to the tooth being worn out after use or due to another tooth design being required. To facilitate the rotation of the pin (5) when it is retained in the tooth bar (10) and the tooth (1) to each other, the surface adjacent to the 25 insertion hole for introducing the pin (5) comprises two inclination ramps (91, 92) opposite each other and concentric to said orifice (5). These ramps (91, 92) allow you to rotate the pin in both directions when it needs to be removed, the stop arranged at one end of the pin (53) being 30 slid on the mentioned ramps (91, 92).
    Figures 11 to 15 show a second preferred embodiment of an objective of the device (200) of the present invention. Figures 13 and 15 show said holding device (200) which comprises a clamping element, an elongated body with elastic properties, preferably made of steel and with a circular section.
    The device (200) is almost 5 U-shaped, with two straight sectors (201, 202) affixed to each other at one end by a third sector (203), with an inclination of approximately 2nd (a) between at least a straight sector and the third sector. The straight sectors (201, 202) may have a slight slope variation. Self-fixing 10 of this retention device (200) is achieved by inserting it into the cavity (3) of the tooth (1), for which it is necessary to place the free ends of the straight sectors (201, 202) closer together , compressing them, so that they self-fix by pressure against the internal surfaces of the cavity, by releasing the two straight sectors. Likewise, the length of the third sector (203), that is, the separation of the two straight sectors (201, 202) by one of its ends, is at least equal to the distance that separates the internal surfaces (62, 72) from walls (6, 7) of tooth 20 (1), while the distance between the two free ends of said straight sectors is greater than the distance that separates the internal surfaces (62, 72) from the walls (6, 7) of the tooth ( 1) . This causes the two straight sectors (201, 202) to directly press the internal walls of the cavity (3) and 25 to ensure the self-fixing of the retention device (200).
    Additionally and to complete the self-fixation of the retaining device (200) to the cavity (3) of the tooth (1), it has a groove (4) on the internal surfaces (62, 72) of the walls (6, 7) that extends to the cavity 30 (3), being able to reach its bottom, and the width of said groove (4) being less than the diameter of the hole (2). Said groove (4) crosses the hole (2) and allows the retention device (200) to be inserted in it.
    The assembly and disassembly of the coupling between the tooth and the tooth bar, in combination with this second retaining device (200), are identical to those explained above.
    A third embodiment of a holding device (300) is shown in Figure 18 in combination with Figures 16 and 17, which can also be used to explain the fourth embodiment of a holding device 5 10 (40).
    The third embodiment of the holding device (300) comprises a clamping element, an elongated body with elastic properties, preferably made of steel and with a circular section.
    This third retention device 15 (300) is almost U-shaped, with two straight sectors (301, 302;) attached to each other by a third sector (303) almost perpendicular to both straight sectors. One of the straight sectors is larger than the other, said longest sector (301) having a division or bifurcation, thus determining a sector (301) 20 with two straight sub-sectors (301a, 301b) approximately parallel to each other. Said two sub-sectors (301a, 301b) are separated from each other by a distance less than the diameter of the hole (2, 8) of the tooth (1), so that both sub-sectors (301a, 301b) interpose with said orifice (2, 25 8).
    This retaining device (300) is self-attached to the tooth (1) in a similar manner to the second retaining device (200). The tooth, in that case, can also include a groove (4) for housing said retaining device (300).
    An alternative to the above holding device (300) is the fourth holding device (400) comprising a straight sector of length equal to that of the first (401, 402) in the shortest straight sector (302). In this holding device (400), both straight sectors (401, 402) have a division or bifurcation, thus determining two sectors (401, 402) with two straight sub-sectors (401a, 401b, 5 402a, 402b) almost parallel to each other.
    Both the arrangement of the tooth and the operation of the retention device in the coupling between the tooth and the tooth bar are identical to those detailed above.
    As mentioned above, it is also possible to locate the retaining device (200, 300, 400) on a tooth bar (10), self-attached to the external surfaces of the tooth bar, as shown in Figures 21 and 22. The tooth bar (10) comprises a tip or protrusion (11) in its upper part and fastening means (12) 15 for attaching to the bucket loader at its rear. The constitution of the retention device (200, 300, 400) would be similar to those described above, with the difference that, instead of having to compress them to be inserted in the tooth cavity, they must be slightly opened to be adjusted to the outside of the tip (11) of the tooth bar (10), exerting pressure on said external lateral surfaces (111, 112) of the tip (11) of the tooth bars (10). In this alternative construction, the holding device (200, 300, 400) also crosses the entrance hole 25 for entry into the channel (13) that crosses the tip (11), said holding device (200, 300, 400) being located in a groove (104) made on the outer surfaces (111, 112, 113) of the tip (11) of the tooth (10). Said grooves are preferably made at least on the side surfaces 30 or opposite surfaces (111, 112) of the tip (11), crossing the entrance holes for entry into the channel (13) and, more preferably, also on the front or tip surface ( 113) of said tip (1).
    It should be taken into account that, in the present description, a tooth was considered as a female part and a bar of teeth as a male part, but it is possible to have a tooth as a male part and that it has a tip with a retention device self-attached to it, as well as a bar of teeth as a female part, having a cavity with a retention device self-attached to it. In other words, the female part has a cavity and the male part has a protrusion or tip, so that the protrusion or tip of the male part can be coupled to the cavity of the female part, regardless of whether it is a tooth or a bar of teeth.
    In view of the above, a female part, according to the invention, is a tooth or bar of 15 teeth for use in excavators and the like, with an internal cavity and with at least two opposite walls, each with an external surface and an internal surface coinciding with the cavity, at least one of said walls having at least one through hole and a retainer 20 formed by at least one clamping element, so that the retainer is self-fixed directly by pressure against at least an internal surface of at least one wall with an orifice, said element interposing with said at least one orifice.
    Conversely, a male part, according to the invention, is a tooth or bar of teeth for use in excavators and the like, with a protrusion or tip with at least two opposite or lateral external surfaces, at least one of said surfaces having a orifice that gives access to a channel that preferably crosses the tip and incorporates a retention device formed by at least one clamping element, so that the retention device is self-fixed directly by pressure against at least the two external surfaces , said element interposing with said at least one orifice giving access to the channel that crosses said tip.
    The combination of a female part and a male part, together with a pin and a retention device, results in a retention system for coupling two mechanical parts together, preferably for use in excavators and the like, where the device retaining block interposes with an introduction hole to introduce pin 10 and is self-locking by pressure and in direct contact against one of the two parts, so that the rotation of the pin causes the coupling between both parts to go from one position retention device, in which the retention device is fitted in at least one notch of the pin, preventing both parts 15 from separating, to a release position, in which the retention device exits said at least one notch, pushed by the pin when rotating and allowing pin extraction and separation of both parts.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [0001]
    PIN RETENTION DEVICE FOR COUPLING A MALE PART WITH A CHANNEL (13) AND FOR A FEMALE PART WITH A HOLE (2) and with a cavity (3) to house the 5 male part and, said retention device for a pin inserted inside said channel (13) and hole (2), in excavators and the like, characterized by said retention device located inside the cavity (3) of the female part comprising at least one clamping element to allow its self-fixation by pressure directly on the two opposite surfaces of the female or male part, said clamping element comprising:
    two straight sectors (301, 302; 401, 402) affixed to each other at one end by a third sector 15 (303, 403), almost U-shaped, and
    in which at least one of the two straight sectors (301, 401, 402) has a fork, thus determining a sector (301, 401, 402) with two sub-sectors (301a, 301b; 401a, 401b; 402a, 402b) , these being approximately parallel to each other and 20 approximately parallel to the two straight sectors.
    [0002]
    DEVICE, according to claim 1, characterized by the end opposite the end affixed to the third sector (303.403) of each straight sector (301, 302; 401, 402) being free. 25
    [0003]
    DEVICE, according to claim 1, characterized by the two straight sectors (401, 402) having a bifurcation, thus determining two sectors (401, 402) with two sub-sectors (401a, 401b; 402a, 402b) approximately 30
    [0004]
    RETENTION SYSTEM FOR COUPLING TWO MECHANICAL PARTS TO EACH OTHER, in excavators and the like, parallel to each other. understanding
    - a female part comprising a cavity with two internal walls with at least one hole, and
    - a male part comprising a tip with two external walls with at least one hole to access a channel that crosses said tip,
    - a pin formed by a rotating body which has at least one notch in at least one of its ends and passes through both parts at least partially to couple them, and
    - a holding device made up of at least 10 clamping elements,
    characterized by understanding
    - a retention device, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, being self-fixed directly by pressure against the internal surfaces 15 of the walls with a hole in the female part or against the external surfaces of the walls with a hole in the male part,
    - said retention device comprising the shape of the male or female part (300, 400) determined by the two external or internal walls respectively, and
    - said retention device interposing with said at least one orifice,
    so that the rotation of the pin causes the coupling between both parts to leave a position of retention, in which the retention device is fitted in at least one notch of the pin and prevents its extraction, to a position of release in the the retention device leaves said at least one notch pushed by the pin when it rotates and allowing the pin to be extracted and the two parts to separate.
    [0005]
    SYSTEM, according to claim 4, characterized in that said sub-sectors (301a, 301b; 401a, 401b; 402a, 402b) are separated from each other at a distance less than the diameter of the orifice (2, 8), so that both sub-sectors (301a, 301b; 401a, 401b; 402a, 402b) interpose with said orifice (2, 8).
    [0006]
    FEMALE PART (1) OF THE TYPE USED ON THE 5 EXCAVATORS AND SIMILAR, with an internal cavity (3) and with at least two opposite walls (6, 7), each with an external surface (61, 71) and an internal surface ( 62, 72) coinciding with the cavity (3) and at least one of said walls (6, 7) having a through hole (2, 8), and with a retention device (300, 400) formed by at least a clamping element (301, 302; 401, 402), characterized in that it comprises a retention device, as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the two straight sectors (301, 302; 401, 402) are self -fixed by pressing 15 against the internal surfaces (62, 72) of the walls (6, 7) with a hole (2, 8), and at least one of said straight sectors (301, 302; 401, 402) interposing with said at least one orifice (2, 8).
    [0007]
    FEMALE PARTY according to claim 6, 20 characterized in that at least one internal surface (62, 72) of the wall (6, 7) has a groove (4) for housing the retaining device (100, 200, 300, 400 ).
    [0008]
    FEMALE PARTY according to claim 7, characterized in that the groove (4) extends along at least 25 of the inner surface (62, 72) of the wall (6, 7).
    [0009]
    FEMALE PARTY according to claim 8, characterized in that the groove (4) extends along the internal surfaces (62, 72) of the two internal side walls (6, 7) of the cavity and the bottom of said cavity. 30
    [0010]
    MALE PART (10) OF THE TYPE USED ON EXCAVATORS AND SIMILARS, with a protrusion or tip (11) with at least two external surfaces (111, 112) and at least one of said surfaces (111, 112) having a hole that gives access to a channel (13), and with a holding device (300, 400) formed by at least one clamping element (301, 302; 401, 402), characterized in that the clamping element comprises a holding device, as defined in Any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the two straight sectors (301, 302; 401, 402) are self-fixed directly by pressing against the two outer surfaces (111, 112), and at least one of said straight sectors (301, 302; 401, 402) interposing with said at least one orifice that gives access to the 10 channel (13) that crosses said tip (11).
    [0011]
    MALE PART according to claim 10, characterized in that at least one external surface (111, 112) has a groove (14) for housing the retaining device (200, 300, 400). 15
    [0012]
    MALE PART according to claim 11, characterized in that the groove (14) extends along at least one external surface (111, 112, 113) of the tip (11).
    [0013]
    MALE PART, according to claim 12, characterized in that the groove (14) extends along the two opposite external surfaces (111, 112) of the tip (11) and its front or tip surface (113) thereof.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    BR112014000105B1|2020-06-23|Pin retention device for coupling a male part with a channel and for a female part with a hole, retention system for coupling two mechanical parts together, female part of the type used in excavators and the like, and male part of the type used on excavators and the like
    ES2334560T3|2010-03-12|SET AND LOCK METHOD.
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    PT681630E|2001-08-30|TOOTH TOOTH
    ES2804602T3|2021-02-08|Female part, retention device and pin system for excavators and the like
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CN103781973B|2017-10-24|
    WO2013004858A1|2013-01-10|
    NZ620096A|2016-04-29|
    EP2730705A1|2014-05-14|
    MX2014000114A|2014-06-23|
    JP2014518342A|2014-07-28|
    TR201809947T4|2018-08-27|
    AU2011372710B2|2017-08-24|
    PT2730705T|2018-07-11|
    CN103781973A|2014-05-07|
    RU2014100055A|2015-08-10|
    ZA201400031B|2015-03-25|
    AU2011372710A1|2014-01-23|
    PL2730705T3|2018-12-31|
    RU2569948C2|2015-12-10|
    JP5837687B2|2015-12-24|
    MX348518B|2017-06-16|
    CA2841041A1|2013-01-10|
    BR112014000105A2|2017-02-14|
    UA108940C2|2015-06-25|
    US10106961B2|2018-10-23|
    ES2677095T3|2018-07-30|
    CA2841041C|2019-02-26|
    EP2730705A4|2015-07-01|
    US9512599B2|2016-12-06|
    KR20140057537A|2014-05-13|
    US20140223786A1|2014-08-14|
    AP2014007404A0|2014-01-31|
    KR101848538B1|2018-04-12|
    EP2730705B1|2018-04-25|
    US20170051476A1|2017-02-23|
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    JP2021042633A|2019-09-13|2021-03-18|株式会社小松製作所|Tooth fitting structure for bucket, and tooth for bucket|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-26| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-08-20| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-05-19| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-06-23| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 05/07/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    PCT/ES2011/070488|WO2013004858A1|2011-07-05|2011-07-05|Retention device, system for retention between a female component and a male component, and female and male component for excavator machines and the like|
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